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Top Ten Corporate IS Gotchas
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Top Ten Corporate IS "Gotchas"

A "Corporate IS Gotcha" is an avoidable disaster waiting for the right circumstances to happen. It's a problem whose solution before it happens costs far less than the consequences of letting it happen. It's a situation where an ounce of prevention now saves a pound of cure later.

Traditionally, such 'defensive' network design was entirely the province of large organizations. Today, though, an increasing reliance on computers combined with more sophisticated systems means that just about any organization needs to analyze the risks and take action now -- before the disaster happens.

The key to analyzing these risks stems from standard risk management practices. How much will it cost to prevent; how much would it cost if it happened; how likely is it to happen? Combining those factors gives a fairly straightforward numerical answer. However, there are some intangibles to consider.

Any business manager would agree that, all other things being equal, smooth operations are better than disrupted operations. Likewise, predictability is preferable to risk. Finally, technical experts agree that correcting a problem when a system is smaller is easier and less costly than fixing the system after it has grown in size and complexity. All of these are compelling arguments for correcting problems sooner rather than later.

Some of the risks presented here may not apply to your organization. Some of them may already have been corrected. Some of the disasters might not occur even if left alone. However, just as most of us wouldn't continue to drive a car we knew had bad brakes, we should also make sure that our computing infrastructure receives the needed maintenance to keep it healthy and productive.

1. Security Patches
Bugs in many commercial software packages, including many operating systems, can leave you vulnerable to hackers, viruses, and worms. These threats can exploit these vulnerabilities to view or modify confidential information, use your computing resources for their own ends, disrupt operations, or even destroy data.
2. Fault Tolerance
All hard drives eventually fail, just like all cars, no matter how well made, will one morning fail to start. Setting up fault-tolerant drives beforehand transforms a hard disk failure from a catastrophe to a relatively minor repair task.
3. Virus Protection
Viruses have gone from a minor annoyance to a serious threat to your computing infrastructure and resources. Even those viruses that don't directly damage data still make their cost known in the time needed to remove them, the problems they cause on infected computers, and the resources they consume.
4. Backups/Disaster Recovery
Sometimes the unexpected can happen with no warning at all. While fault tolerance helps protect you against normal hard drive failures, there is no substitute for maintaining good backups and having a good disaster recovery plan. It's an insurance policy -- something you hope you never need, but that will be there if you need it.
5. Open Relaying
If you run an E-mail server, it's important to secure it so spammers can't use it to bounce their malicious junk mail. Failing to do so will let them consume your network bandwidth and your mail server's computing power, and if left unchecked will result in many organizations automatically blocking all E-mail from your site, interfering with your ability to do business.
6. Firewalls
A firewall is not 'perfect' protection, and should not be thought of as such. But it makes an excellent first line of defense, limiting your potential vulnerability to a few services that can be more easily monitored. However, unless your organization is extremely small, with no real existing network infrastructure, a 'pre-configured' firewall will not fit your organization's needs. They should be installed and custom-configured for your needs by an expert.
7. Security Policies and Procedures
There's a saying in the industry: every system is perfectly secure until you allow users on it. However, without the users, the system is pointless. It's important to establish security procedures and policies to limit your vulnerability to outside intrusions through which a hacker could obtain sensitive information, destroy data, or cause disruption in network operations.
8. Network Design and Infrastructure
There are a number of potential 'gotchas' in this arena. Most of it involves making the network design as consistent as you possibly can, down to the workstation level. Especially with Windows networking, there are many issues that must be considered for the smooth operation of a network. High among these are 'browsing issues' which can cause situations where, especially after a reboot of one or more servers, suddenly network resources are unavailable for a while. There are a multitude of others explored in this section.
9. Cabling and Physical Plant
As the lowest level of your network lies a modest assortment of wires and cables running through your building, leading to your switches and hubs that connect everything together. However, if not set up correctly, or if the wiring was installed improperly, it can cause hard-to-find network problems including unexplainable slow connectivity and network operations, lag, or even intermittent failures to connect.
10. Documentation and Software Licensing
It's important to document everything inside your network. After all, you could get hit by a truck tomorrow -- or any number of other things could happen. With the high rate of turnover in the Information Technology industry, it's important to leave behind a legacy of documentation that will let others access and reconstruct what you have done. Plus, Software Licensing is almost a gotcha of its own; if not documented rigorously and carefully, it can result in hefty fines for your organization.
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